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Created Wednesday 16 October 2019

Except that C++ is fast😅️, it helps in learning about:

Free-flow syntax - used in other langs like JS, Java, Go, C#, PHP
Simplest scoping rules.
Concept of data types, static typing.
Manipulate data directly at the bit level.
Pointers and memory management.
Multiple paradigms together:
1. Structured programming - write like C. Use functions and pointers only.
2. OOP:

Operator overloading(make your own operators from scratch) Strict encapsulation - constrained access to object’s members

Note:

These concepts are used in almost all languages - in some way or the other. So you’ll be comfortable with new langs very quickly.
Many languages can be seen as an abstraction over C++, so it helps in understanding their features better. Javascipt, Go, Java. You’ll have a good foundation to reason about langs like C++.
Important: Using C++ for learning other langs is not always beneficial or even possible - every language has its philosophy, style and quirks. Langs like Haskell, Lisp are completely different. Plus, it is boring to use the same style, philosophy.

Writing very efficient code - time and memory wise. So, it is mostly used for implementing tools and libraries.

Competitive programming - nothing personal.
System software - operating systems, database engines, critical parts of a backend
Game Development and graphics tools - Unreal engine, Unity
Game development in general
Writing interpreters for other langs - V8
AI/ML/BigData libraries and tools - Tensorflow, PyTorch

Higher level stuff.

Learning C++ can seem boring, because it’s not useful for higher level stuff - images, videos, websites. You can’t see progress.
Rapid prototyping is not a feature. However, there exists a Jupyter REPL for C++.
It takes time to learn, the syntax is cryptic. But not complicated.